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TSA ’s ‘Behavior Detection’ Draws Scrutiny in Light of Few Arrests
Counterterrorism effort is crucial, agency saysWASHINGTON — Fewer than 1% of airline passengers singled out at airports for suspicious behavior are arrested, Transportation Security Administration figures show, raising complaints that too many innocent people are stopped.
A TSA program launched in early 2006 that looks for terrorists using a controversial surveillance method has led to more than 160,000 people in airports receiving scrutiny, such as a pat-down search or a brief interview. That has resulted in 1,266 arrests, often on charges of carrying drugs or fake IDs, the TSA said.
The TSA program trains screeners to become “behavior detection officers” who patrol terminals and checkpoints looking for travelers who act oddly or appear to answer questions suspiciously.
Critics say the number of arrests is small and indicates the program is flawed.
“That’s an awful lot of people being pulled aside and inconvenienced,” said Carnegie Mellon scientist Stephen Fienberg, who studied the TSA program and other counterterrorism efforts. “I think it’s a sham. We have no evidence it works.”
TSA spokeswoman Ellen Howe said the program has been “incredibly effective” at catching criminals at airports. “It definitely gets at things that other layers of security might miss,” Howe said.
In many cases, the extra scrutiny is a casual conversation with a TSA behavior officer that shows someone is innocent, Howe said. Studies are underway that analyze the program’s effectiveness, she added.
The program has grown from 43 major airports last year to more than 15150 airports, including some with just 20 flights a day. The number of behavior officers will jump from 2,470 to 3,400 by October.
The TSA has not publicly said whether it has caught a terrorist through the program. The agency says that some who are arrested, particularly on fake ID charges, may be scouting for a possible attack.
Some scientists say the TSA effort is just as likely to flag a nervous traveler as a terrorist.
“The use of these technologies for the purpose that the TSATSATSA is interested in moves into an area where we don’t have proven science,” said Robert Levenson, a psychologist at the University of California-Berkeley.
A lthough observers can perceive whether someone appears anxious or is acting deceptively, they can’t tell whether that person is planning an attack or something such as an extramarital affair, Levenson said.
Levenson and Fienberg were part of a National Academy of Sciences team whose report last month said “behavioral surveillance” has “enormous potential for violating” privacy.
The report calls for more research and says surveillance should be used only as “preliminary screening” to find people who merit “follow-up investigation.” That is how the TSA uses the program, Howe said.
Paul Ekman, a San Francisco psychologist who helped design the TSA program, said it can be effective, but it needs more study.
“The shortcoming is, we don’t know how many people are showing suspicious behaviors and aren’t being noticed,” Ekman said.
U .S. to send more agents to curb border violence
WASHINGON -- The Obama administration is sending hundreds of additional agents to the Southwest in an effort to target Mexican drug networks and limit violence spilling into the U.S. But the initiative could be hampered by turf wars among U.S. law-enforcement agencies. A bullet-riddled truck in Tijuana, Mexico, on Tuesday illustrates the violence plaguing the U.S.-Mexico border.
The White House on Tuesday unveiled a strategy aimed at stemming the Mexican cartels’ illicit drug shipments into the U.S., estimated to be worth at least $15 billion annually, and limiting the volume of weapons and cash smuggled back to Mexico. The plan includes some $700 million in existing aid for Mexican law enforcement designated by the Bush administration.
However, competing agencies have refused to work together on the task forces that the administration is bolstering to target the drugs, guns and cash that are fueling fighting among Mexico’s drug lords, according to the agency officials.
And adding to the problem, the agencies are operating under rules that are up to three decades old, said former senior agency officials and members of Congress involved in oversight.
Tuesday’s strategy announcement marks a White House effort to respond to growing concerns over the clout of Mexican narcotics barons whose heavily armed forces are fighting each other over turf and drug-trafficking routes into the U.S. The drug lords are also taking on Mexican government troops mobilized by Mexican President Felipe Calderón to stop the drug wars.
Violence has become especially pronounced in